- For the first time since the death penalty was re-established, Texas will witness more innocent people exonerated by DNA and freed from prison than the state will execute for committing capital murder thanks to the de facto moratorium awaiting a SCOTUS decision in the Baze case. A majority of those exonerations will come from Dallas County.
- TYC's inmate population will fall to 2,000 or fewer by the end of the year, down from more than 4,500 at the beginning of 2007, thanks to SB 103 and new rule changes allowing earlier release.
- TDCJ will face litigation over poor inmate health care that will force the next Legislature to significantly increase spending.
In a bitterly fought election, incumbent Harris County District Attorney Chuck Rosenthal will lose his post to former Houston police chief and Democratic candidate C.O. Bradford in November.Whoops, blew this one already - Rosenthal is out!
- If Democrats field candidates for the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, they will either win or be the party's highest statewide vote-getters.
- The US government in 2008 will train Mexican police or military officers who will wind up working for drug cartels within the next 3-5 years, just as happened with Los Zetas, the enforcement arm of the Gulf Cartel.
And here's wishing Grits' readers a happy and productive new year.
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50 comments:
That the numbers of staff in TDCJ will continue to decrease to the point where the majority of units go onto semi-permanent lockdown. Mix this with a hot summer, and expectations raised due to the pending inmate phone contract being awarded, and it would not be unexpected if disturbances in Texas prisons become widespread. There is currently little media coverage when COs get hurt so that Joe Public does not see what is going on in TDCJ. I think that will change.
When inmates go on lockdown, they do not go to commissary. Once they run out of stamps, then inmate families will start asking why. There are a lot of us out here, and the noise will not just be coming from behind the walls.
of all your predictions, I hope the
provision of better medical care for inmates comes to pass. The prisons are
breeding warehouses for hep, staph and worse. But medical care is the tip of the iceberg...how about leadership? TDCJ and TYC are desperately lacking in that area. the infighting cuts both ways
from the entry level co to the top admin.and back again. The organization is rife w/ corruption.
"TDCJ will face litigation over poor inmate health care that will force the next Legislature to significantly increase spending"
NO WAY! STATE MONEY WILL GO TO MORE BRICK THAN SICK.
TYC population will never get that low. That would mean that judges stop sending the kids who are breaking the law. Until counties are able to handle their own, it just won't happen.
Where will the counties get the money..raise taxes and the public won't like that..send them to TYC where there are already buildings in place...not in my backyard..ask the Harris county commissioners why the voted to have NO juvenile detention facilities built of any kind!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Grits,
Reductions in TYC population have little to do with SB 103 or rule changes. Early releases were permissible under the old rules and SB 103 only really limits misdemeanor commitments. The real reason populations will drop is because there are not enough staff to handle the populations, and like TDCJ did years ago when it had population problems, early release is the only answer. My guess for the end of the year is that TYC institutional and halfway house populations will be in the 2500 range, depending on staff availability. With another possible 650 in contract care somewhere. Additionally I predict none will be getting the treatment they need during their stay and a lot will be released early to make these numbers look good and TYC's restructing a success.
Howard A. Hickman
2008 is the "Make or Break" year for TYC. I am not at all sure TYC will still exist December 31, 2008.
The 10-14 year olds will go to contract care leaving only the 15-17 year olds which would be housed in a more prison like facility.
Just when you think it cannot get any worse at TYC it will! It has been this way for years and I see nothing to change that trend.
With the "New" TYC treatment plan "Connextions" fewer youth will recieve any treatment and the majority will come back on parole violations within 6 months.
This is currently happening now without a treatment plan. TYC is in the process of releasing up to 280 youth based upon popultion managment and they are coming back as quick as we can release them.
TYC will be unable to close more facilities with the exception of Sheffield Boot Camp, which should be closed with two months.
The ability to find staff that are willing to work with the current administration in Austin will be the greatest obstacle. 2500 to 3000 by the end on the year.
Well I see the closing of some of the small rural units in Tdcj and the building of larger units in more populated areas and less staff to cover these. More upriseings in the units as more warfare among the gangs happens . Texas will keep more republicians on the TDCJ boards and executions will rise again. More Democrates in the State Legislature and Senate. Less money for medical and staffing in TDCJ. More corruption at the top and more prosecutions of lower ranking Officers to passify the public. Just another normal pitiful year in TDCJ.
annonymous @ 11:32 are you on the release board??
Why is TYC releasing all these youth, what justifications are being made and have all the youth met any treatment criteria?
Are we having them seek treatment while on parole since TYC did not fullfill it's obligation to these youth while they were with us?
Are they a threat to society and what are their chances of re-offending within 6 months?
On the TYC population guess, someone wrote, "That would mean that judges stop sending the kids who are breaking the law."
No, it would mean that the average length of stay is reduced to less than 9 months from around 2 years previously. That's the basis for my prediction: I don't think you've seen the full force of the summertime rule changes that kids don't have to complete treatment to be released. As a commenter mentioned, that's having a big impact on LOS and overall population numbers.
Also, I think it's possible but unlikely that TYC could be eliminated by the end of 2009 - "sunsetted," technically - but not in 2008 unless there's a special session. And you KNOW the Governor doesn't want to focus attention on TYC during an election year.
As for brick vs. sick, I agree that's the Lege's historic priority rank, but things are getting pretty bad, and my prediction is they won't get to skate much longer, given what the feds are doing on prison health in California.
Here's hoping all our negative predictions on this string fail to come to pass. Happy 2008, folks.
I disagree on your Rosenthal prediction. In Houston, the only thing worse than the current folks are the old folks. Leftovers from Mayor Brown's administration are not wanted. I think that we'll have to see a Dallas County style sweep for that to happen, an I just don't see it.
As for the CCA, I don't think the Democrats will run anyone, and of they do I don't think they'll get more votes than Noriega. Texans are blissfully ignorant about our second supreme court.
Likewise, I think Democrats are more concerned with the legislature than the CCA, and will be content to concentrate their efforts there.
It remains to be seen whether anybody runs, Rage, but if 2006 is any guide, when J.R. Molina nearly topped statewide D vote getters without even showing up for editorial board meetings, CCA races automatically draw an extra few points of opposition compared to other statewide Rs. It's been pretty consistent, there just haven't been any candidates.
Also, I couldn't agree more that Bradford has a lot of flies on him as a candidate, but a) he'll have money, b) the negatives on Rosenthal are high, and c) the numbers say it may be the Democrats' year. In 2006, "Incumbent judge Annette Galik beat Democrat Mary Kay Green by just 50.6% to 49.4%. Judge Susan Brown won by the largest margin of any inumbent district judge in Harris County, and she got just 53.1% of the vote." Those numbers are flippable, IMO, with a Presidential race in the offing. Time will tell. We'll know tomorrow night who if anybody is running.
I agree with Howard. I would add that the current top management seems to consider a long term plan to be something that looks 2 weeks out. We are back to the old revolving door and there is absolutely no organized treatment going on in TYC. The only treatment these kids get is from individual staff members (JCOs,Casemanagers,psychologists, teachers and a few Program Specialists,and even a couple Assistant Supts. and Supts) who are doing whatever they can to try to make a difference for these kids, despite the phenominally poor leadership from above. Unfortunately, more and more of these dedicated, mostly low-level employees are throwing up their hands and leaving in frustration. TYC is turning into jr TDCJ. Surprised? Old Salty
I agree that the population will dwindle due to the fact that contract care is probably going to take alot of youth and the number one reason for reduction in numbers is the loss of staff and the inability to hire new.
TYC on its home page has bids out for contract care. We are on the downhill side of imploding. At the end of 2008 I see only a few facilities like Mart left and if the contract care people jump in the rest of us will be gone.
I believe that alot of older staff see this coming and that is why they will find jobs before the end of the end of this year.
I don't see TYC's population dropping that low. I see it hanging around the 2500 mark at the lowest. The counties aren't ready and haven't been funded to take on the burden. Once they are funded, then I'd see 2000 as a possibility.
I also don't see TYC getting whacked in the sunset review, but I do see it possibly falling under the umbrella of another state agency. As long as there is juvenile crime, there will be a TYC.
I predict someone will hack into Grits and destroy the database :)
Best,
Karl Rove
I predict Hillary getting caught giving BJ's in the Oval Office...
George W.
For 2008 I preDICK:
The new conservator will soon be not-so-fondly referred to as "Neidermeyer" (a la Animal House) and pepper-sprayed by his employees
I predict that the new Conservator will give Pope and her cronies (Humphrey, Neel) 30 to 45 days and they will be gone. I then see Ayo, Martinez, Bartush, Jones, King, Viduarri, and a few others who were appointed during this regime to find gainful employment elsewhere. Or the quote from one of these rockett scientist, "Maybe you will or can be successful elsewhere"!! Happy New Year
I agree that TYC population will drop, but here is another obvious prediction that you missed, Grits. TYC via the State will be hit with an enormous anount of lawsuits by former employees and youth that claim that the Agency did them wrong. Some will be right and prevail, others will be just trying to cash in, let's hope the Courts can tell the difference between the BSers and the legit claims.
The TYC "release panel" was one of the provisions of SB 103, but the problem with this current board has to do with them releasing all these youth. The current board members have no real experience. None of them have ever actually worked in an Institution. Hopefully the new "Boss" will recognize this and revise the board accordingly. That would be my prediction.
I think Grits is appropriately reserved in his TYC predictions for 2008.
For me, questions rather than statements make more sense. So here are my questions for 2008:
1. What will the new conservator do? Has he been given the power needed to make meaningful changes?
2. How many and how serious will be the lawsuits filed against TYC this year from former staff and youth?
3. When will the next scandal arise, and how serious will it be?
4. Will the media pay attention to TYC, or will it drop off the radar screen?
5. When will the legislature lose its patience and take further action?
6. When will the feds intervene at TYC, and what shape will that intervention take (e.g., a federal lawsuit, DOJ investigation, etc)?
7. How will local governments cope with the TYC meltdown? I can envision some larger counties seeking fed funds from OJJDP for programs - which would mean local and fed govts essentially bypassing TYC.
So many of these questions depend on the actions of the new conservator, and he has been quiet indeed, so it's nearly impossible to predict what will happen.
Bill B.
The next big uprising will be at Mart II, it happens to be a powder keg ready to explode. But our current leadership does not have the foresight or ability to deal with these issues before they happen but have a good PR guy :}
I predict Bronco Billy heads back to TDCJ but Pope and Neal stay. Pope has Elmer's cover because Elmer had Pope under the covers. Democrates don't discriminate, they just mate. You go Elmer :0
The melt down to 2,000 inmates, in TYC by the end of 2008 , will not happen. The Courts will not let it happen in 2008. BUT maybe in 2009 it will happen. The Judges are sending kids daily , faster than TYC can release them and the early release kids,???? with no treatment,??? they are coming back as quick as we release them. As far as a number of facilities closing ? Only the Leg. or a Federal or District Judge can close any facility. I predict that there WILL be some TYC facilities close BUT it will happen in the year of 2009 when the Leg. meets or If the Gov. calls a special session before the end of 2008 in might happen sooner. There will be alot of changes for TYC the next time the Leg. ever meets. I compare the melt down of, or, to 2,000 inmates (at the present time) to a revoling door or like a dog chasing his tail. It cannot be done in that short of time. Maybe 3,000 in 2008 but not 2,000. 3,500 is a more realistic number with all the problems that needs to be cleaned up and it cannot be done without the Leg. or the GOV. stepping in and taking control.
Amen. The March-April released kids by that public review team are back and crying that they want a release review. I saw 12 at my facility that are already back. Committed parole violations, some were recommitted, some caught new charges. I'm sure the others that went out either (1) are in another facility or (2) are dead. I think we said early in the process of that "reform," you need to think. It was said right here on this website. We knows these kids better than anyones, maybe someone should listen. JCO V - 9 years in TYC - San Saba, Marlin, Mart. It sucks now.
The review panel is not public but comprised of Central Office leftovers. They scramble every time the whip is cracked to release youth, and damn the consequences.
What are their qualifications, they just look at the youths MLOS and what the youth has/has-not done during this time and have no contact with the offender. Kind of like playing Russian Roulette!!!
You guys/gals keep slamming your own, and continue to play right in your occupying forces hands. When will you ever learn?
FWIW, the last I heard the inmate pop was already below 3,000 - the question is how far will it decline further, if any?
It'd be fascinating to see monthly intake and outflow numbers by county to get a sense of who's sending kids more frequently and what the effect is on overall inmate pop. I've never seen that data.
For TYC the ticking time bomb is Mart and it will have to be closed.
The facility is too large to staff and the next scandal will arise there. One can only blame the lege and guv.
On another note, does anyone know why d'Pope visits Victory Field so often?
Why would anyone think that placing a TYC facility near Waco, much less 800 plus beds within a 100 mile radius (CRTC, MOAO, MART I, II) would ever work when the epicenter of it all (Waco) has the lowest unemployment rate of any area of Texas? Way to go guys. That's mud in your face for the ledge.
My predictions: First,the Mart II unit will endure some "changes" that will not help matters regarding TYC (they are already happening with Simmons trying to run it like TDCJ) parents were already complaining and so are staff. A riot will break out because they locked those damn kids up all day and night. Second, I agree with the mounting law suits prediction for TDCJ and TYC because many will be exonerated and it insight "racial" tension and feuds. As summer comes and the lessened "priviledges" will cause both male and female, young and old to revolt....3) the public will take a hot and aggressive interest because the "dirt" will be exposed 4) TYC and the new conservator will be out of "wedded bliss" and all hell will break loose....5) their will be a new DA in Harris County 6) Judge Keller will suffer more attacks and prayerfully step down 7) The new connextions program will be a mounting scrutiny and the youth will reveal even more horrible and current treatment 8) The public will demand the Gov and Leg finally do something....9) Pope will "retire"
I speak with no knowlege of just how this new program CoNExtions actually will work. I have only the short summary of the program.
From what I have seen and heard it is going to be a disaster for TYC in the behavior dept. Sorry, these are teenagers, bad attitude teenagers who are not going to give a rats a,,, about privileges and they certainly do not have enough sense at this age to really want an education. There will be a few, but those few will loose the chance for education due to the other 99% that will be behavior problems.
These privileges, better be some really good deals to get the attention of these kids. They are not going to behave for a peppermint or a piece of stale pie.
I hope it works and things just get lovely in TYC for all, but I am afraid that is a big oh pipe dream. Job hunting is on my New Years Resolution.
One comment on Zetas. A recent Rolling Stone article you mentioned on Grits described why Pablo Escobar kept several of his people on perpetual trial: To conduct open records requests on the DEA, which would provide their "playbooks" and lists of agents and informants. Considering this elegant tactic gives some credibility to a theory that some friends in Saltillo mentioned over the holiday, which goes something like this:
The Zetas are still working for the Mexican government, and their main objective is to violently exterminate as many different heads of the hydra as possible without creating any official public record of their strategies and tactics. Much like drug distribution being underground, drug law enforcement has also gone underground...
Anyhow, that's THEIR theory...I wonder if their are any articles to support it.
I don't know about that theory from your amigos in Saltillo - Los Zetas are the enforcement arm of the Gulf Cartel, and from my observation it's been nearly the exclusive target of drug enforcers on both sides of the border since the Tijuana Cartel was taken down.
If anything, I've speculated that Calderon's strategy may be to "pick sides" AGAINST the Gulf Cartel and the Zetas, banking on violence declining when one mega-cartel runs the whole show. Most of the original Zeta turncoats are supposedly dead. Far from receiving preferential treatment, in a way the Zetas get scapegoated - not that they aren't terrible, but it's not like they're the only corrupt police or military officers in Mexico, by a longshot. Both local and federal police are extremely corrupted - Los Zetas' US special forces training makes them especially dangerous and iconic, but not atypical. Personally I doubt Calderon is in league with Los Zetas, and wonder in fact if he might be in league with their enemies.
Grits--re: Dems year at the polls...
You cite an off year election while the Republicans were at their lowest. Now, Iraq seems to be cleaning up, and I think the democratic strategy of saving the hot button issues until closer to election time has flopped. Mainly because the average Joe doesn't know that a small obstructionist group of Republicans can thwart legislation, so they run around claiming that the Democratic Congress has a lower approval rating than Bush. Those who know how the process works know what the real story is (some continue to propagate the lie for the benefit of their brand f politics anyway), but the general public believes that the Democrats didn't press the issues hard enough to fulfill their "mandate." Now, they went along with increased Iraq funding, and re-upped the Goddamn Patriot Act of all things, and they're no different than the Republicans--which they promised to be.
The result for this particular race is that while Harris County actually is having a record number of registered voters, they are actually registering at a slower pace, which tells me that people are luke warm on the upcoming election cycle. That always hurts Democrats. Plus, Republicans will show up en masse to vote against [insert name of white woman or black man here] for president, in greater numbers than people will show up to vote for them.
In short, I think you're placing too much hope in national politics driving voters to the polls, and not enough on the "vote against" factor.
But I hope that come November I am saying you were right and I was wrong.
An off-year election with a four-way Governor's race! Harris' numbers have been inching in that direction for a decade. If it's not '08 it will be '10 that the Dems start taking countywide seats. But with Rosenthal so weak, he could help move that process along more quickly, in my judgment, particularly if local Ds run a strong race and Bradford doesn't turn out to be a complete flake on the campaign trail.
IMO, the local GOP was right to ask him to step down - not because what he did was so terrible, but because he could stop some Harris GOP voters from choosing a straight ticket, with all the judges below him on the ballot risking fallout from his misfortune.
Time will tell. That's why it's fun to make beginning of the year predictions - there's no way to tell until we get there!
Looks like your prediction about the death penalty lows is at risk--oral arguments are January 7th. If they come back with a decision any time soon, Texas can start the conveyor belt up again.
I'm really torn on this one. The Rhenquist Court would have said the method was bad, but the death penalty acceptable. I think ol' Roberts will say that there's no 100% good way to out someone down, so this method is as good as the next.
Any bet takers? How about a new poll?
All of those 4-way voters won't have an impact this time. It is very likely that Clinton would not have been elected either time without Ross Perot, and we have no strong presidential independent to make it a spoiler. In the absence of a Ross Perot, I still see the issues as drawing more people just to vote against a woman or a black man than I do the issues driving people to continue the sweeps. I know a ton of people who claim to be independent and/or disenchanted with the Republicans. So I always get a kick out of asking "so if Clinton or Obama gets the nod you'll vote for them, right?" When faced with that alternative, their response is universally the same "HELL NO!"
You'd be surprised in what people will put up with in a Republican just because they think Clinton is the anti-Christ. It's in their genes or something. They love to claim they're "not Republican" but they refuse to vote for any meaningful alternative.
Like I said, I hope I'm wrong.
Your not wrong, Hillary is the anti-christ, and Obama believes in Islam. We can do better, just dont know who just yet??
I heard Pope is running for President as an Independent, which means she will not utlize Whitmire to assist her in gaining this position.
Where are you Richard Nedlekoff?? Your agnecy awaits you and you will need to roll up your sleeves.
Were still waiting for REAL leadership. Heck, we were told that the training (Assistant Superintendent Training) we will attending next week in Sam Houston will be conducted by Gwan Hawthorne (2 months as a Superintendent, 6 as an Assistant), Chuck Jones (3 months as an Assistant and 2 as a Superintendent), I cant keep from laughing. But then it got better, Billy Humphrey would be teaching ethics!!!!! Is this a great agency or what??
7:20,
I had some really good comments regarding Hawthorne, but I am going to take the high road, and do what mama always told me to do which is keep my mouth shut if I can't say nothing good. Hope you learn something productive at training. LOL
Ethics is something TYC has been without since the TDCJ regime took us over!! It's hilarious that Sponge Bob will be teaching that class after all his fiasco's. I hope someone has the sense to film the event cause he suffers from selective hearing and memory!
Listen to your "Momma", I will do the same. Call it the way you see it.
The fact is, even in the United States, restitution for those incarcerated is certainly not guaranteed. In fact, in many states, there are more government resources for those released on parole than there are for those who have been wrongly incarcerated and later exonerated and released.
Currently, an overwhelming number of people who have been exonerated of a crime are not compensated for the toll the incarceration took on their lives socially and economically.
Thus far, only 22 states in the US have laws in place to provide some level of compensation for those who were wrongly convicted. This means a majority of those who went back to court and proved their innocence are then required to sue for this compensation.
This process utilizes significant resources that a recently released inmate typically does not have. For those who do have the knowledge or financial ability to bring a case, the enormous cost of the additional legal wrangling involved may soak up much of the payout.
Many victims of this outrageous process are handed the more daunting challenge of simply restoring their name, let alone consideration of a lawsuit that may or may not result in restitution for the time that has been lost.
What's more, the payout often times received is meager in comparison to what is usually lost. Marty Tankleff for example was sentenced to a New York state prison after being wrongly convicted of killing his parents. Although his case was recently overturned, Marty just recently visited his parent's graves for the first time since their deaths.
Ronnie Taylor, a Houston man who was recently exonerated of a crime he didn't commit was engaged to be married before his arrest in 1993. DNA testing proved his innocence 14 years later - allowing him to finally marry his bride Jeanette Brown. (source)
The Innocence Protect, one organization established in 1992 utilizes DNA testing as a means to force new hearings for those who are wrongly accused. It's website lists hundreds of cases of wrongly convicted individuals who's cases were overturned after a conviction.
While the Weekly Vice does not subscribe to every point of view of the Project's mission statement, one has to wonder where our culture would be without such advocates. Many wrongfully accused individuals have languished in prison for decades before their faulty convictions were tossed out.
Here are a few more examples of justice gone horribly wrong:
Dennis Brown from Louisiana was convicted of a 1984 rape and spent 19 years in prison before DNA testing confirmed that he could not have been the rapist.
Marvin Anderson became the ninety-ninth person in the US to be exonerated of a crime due to post-conviction DNA testing. Even when another individual confessed to the crime Lamont was accused of, the Judge upheld the conviction until DNA evidence finally confirmed Lamont's innocence. He wasn't exonerated until 1992, nearly 20 years after his arrest.
Orlando Boquete's wrongful conviction of attempted sexual battery was vacated a staggering 24 years after his arrest back in 1982.
Robert Clark, wrongly convicted of rape, kidnapping and armed robbery in 1982, languished in prison primarily by mistaken eyewitness. Mistaken identity seems to be a common theme with the cases that later get overturned by post-conviction DNA evidence. Clark was finally vindicated 24 years later.
Luis Diaz was wrongly convicted in 1980 as the 'Bird Road Rapist', where 25 women were attacked, many of them sexually assaulted. Diaz was convicted for 8 of them. His case was overturned 25 years later in 2005.
Conclusion:
These are only a handful of the cases you can view HERE, however they are a sampling of the many instances where our legal system goes horribly wrong to such degree that compensation for one's life cannot be calculated as a mere loss of wages as most restitution awarding states provide.
The Weekly Vice supports tough sentencing guidelines for all sexual assault cases, particularly those of minor children.
We also believe however, that states should be equally aggressive with some level of state subsidy, restitution or other adjudged compensation that is deemed appropriate for each individual case. A dismal 22 states is not a goodwill showing for a nation who prides itself on a Justice For All philosophy.
Thanks For Accepting Comment
Danny Vice
The Weekly Vice
htt://weeklyvice.blogspot.com
To: 1/02/2008 07:13:00 PM
Regarding your comment about Obama believing in Islam (as if that's so terrible), here's some news for you:
His wife, Michelle, and his two daughters, Malia, 9, and Sasha, 6, live on Chicago's South Side where they attend Trinity United Church of Christ.
7:13, I sure hope you aren't registered to vote. And if you are, do yourself a favor and LEARN something about the candidates and issues before running off at the mouth.
11:03 comments!!!!
I see you failed to negate that Hillary is the anti-christ??
I personally care not what Obama claims to be or not unlike yourself. Are you stating since he is a Christian you will vote for him? It's people like yourself that are soooooo gulable that you believe everyting you read on a blog. If you saw the comments prior to mine you should have figured out what I was saying. Please go out and vote I wish everyone would instead of the paltry 38% we see every year, maybe it's because of morons like yourself that keeps people from voting with your "I hope your not registered to vote".
And finally big man/woman whatever you claim to be, try not to tell others what to do or not to do unless of course you decide to come from the annonymous tag. Feel BIG now????
7:48-
Wow, did you forget to take your meds today? I'm sensing a lot of free floating anxiety, anger and confusion. Chill out brotha!
Dear "Obama"
All i can say is: I don't believe Hillary is the anti-christ, but that's because i'm a heathen and don't believe in christ. so, no i wouldn't vote for anyone based on their christian credentials (or lack of). just call me a gullible moron!
And i must admit you're right, i shouldn't have made the remark about not voting. i didn't mean it, i don't care if you have a tat of Rush Limbaugh on your forehead-the privelege to vote is the most important responsibility Americans have as citizens and I hope more people will get involved, educate themselves and get out to vote.
PEACE!
Okey Dokey, Moron. Happy New Year!!
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